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Research ArticleSOFT ROBOTS
Fast and programmable locomotion of hydrogel-metal hybrids under light and magnetic fields
- View ORCID ProfileChuang Li1,*,
- View ORCID ProfileGarrett C. Lau1,2,*,
- View ORCID ProfileHang Yuan1,3,*,
- View ORCID ProfileAaveg Aggarwal1,2,
- Victor Lopez Dominguez4,
- Shuangping Liu1,2,
- View ORCID ProfileHiroaki Sai1,
- View ORCID ProfileLiam C. Palmer1,5,10,
- View ORCID ProfileNicholas A. Sather2,
- View ORCID ProfileTyler J. Pearson1,5,
- View ORCID ProfileDanna E. Freedman1,5,
- View ORCID ProfilePedram Khalili Amiri4,
- View ORCID ProfileMonica Olvera de la Cruz1,2,5,6,7,† and
- View ORCID ProfileSamuel I. Stupp1,2,5,8,9,10,†
- 1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 3Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 6Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 8Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 9Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- 10Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- ↵†Corresponding author. Email: m-olvera{at}northwestern.edu (M.O.d.l.C.); s-stupp{at}northwestern.edu (S.I.S.)
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Science Robotics 09 Dec 2020:
Vol. 5, Issue 49, eabb9822
DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb9822
Vol. 5, Issue 49, eabb9822
DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb9822
Chuang Li
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Garrett C. Lau
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Hang Yuan
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
3Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Aaveg Aggarwal
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Victor Lopez Dominguez
4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Shuangping Liu
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Hiroaki Sai
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Liam C. Palmer
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
10Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Nicholas A. Sather
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Tyler J. Pearson
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Danna E. Freedman
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Pedram Khalili Amiri
4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Monica Olvera de la Cruz
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
6Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Samuel I. Stupp
1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
8Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
9Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
10Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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