Fast and programmable locomotion of hydrogel-metal hybrids under light and magnetic fields

Chuang Li; Garrett C. Lau; Hang Yuan; Aaveg Aggarwal; Victor Lopez Dominguez; Shuangping Liu; Hiroaki Sai; Liam C. Palmer; Nicholas A. Sather; Tyler J. Pearson; Danna E. Freedman; Pedram Khalili Amiri; Monica Olvera de la Cruz; Samuel I. Stupp

doi:10.1126/scirobotics.abb9822

Research ArticleSOFT ROBOTS

Fast and programmable locomotion of hydrogel-metal hybrids under light and magnetic fields

View ORCID ProfileChuang Li¹,*,
View ORCID ProfileGarrett C. Lau¹,²,*,
View ORCID ProfileHang Yuan¹,³,*,
View ORCID ProfileAaveg Aggarwal¹,²,
Victor Lopez Dominguez⁴,
Shuangping Liu¹,²,
View ORCID ProfileHiroaki Sai¹,
View ORCID ProfileLiam C. Palmer¹,⁵,¹⁰,
View ORCID ProfileNicholas A. Sather²,
View ORCID ProfileTyler J. Pearson¹,⁵,
View ORCID ProfileDanna E. Freedman¹,⁵,
View ORCID ProfilePedram Khalili Amiri⁴,
View ORCID ProfileMonica Olvera de la Cruz¹,²,⁵,⁶,⁷,† and
View ORCID ProfileSamuel I. Stupp ¹,²,⁵,⁸,⁹,¹⁰,†

¹Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
²Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
³Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁵Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁶Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁸Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
⁹Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
¹⁰Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

↵†Corresponding author. Email: m-olvera{at}northwestern.edu (M.O.d.l.C.); s-stupp{at}northwestern.edu (S.I.S.)

↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Science Robotics 09 Dec 2020:
Vol. 5, Issue 49, eabb9822
DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb9822

Chuang Li

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Garrett C. Lau

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Hang Yuan

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

3Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Aaveg Aggarwal

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Victor Lopez Dominguez

4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Shuangping Liu

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Hiroaki Sai

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Liam C. Palmer

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

10Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

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Nicholas A. Sather

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Tyler J. Pearson

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Danna E. Freedman

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Pedram Khalili Amiri

4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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Monica Olvera de la Cruz

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

6Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

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For correspondence: m-olvera@northwestern.edu s-stupp@northwestern.edu

Samuel I. Stupp

1Center for Bio-inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

5Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

8Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

9Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

10Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

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ORCID record for Samuel I. Stupp
For correspondence: m-olvera@northwestern.edu s-stupp@northwestern.edu

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